The conflict involved the factional disputes between the aristocratic houses of France, such as the House of Bourbon and the House of Guise, and both sides received assistance from foreign sources. The religious wars began with overt hostilities in 1562 and lasted until the Edict of Nantes in 1598. Luther started a movement among Christians who believed authority should not belong to clergy, but to the laypeople and their study of the Bible. During the wars, complex diplomatic negotiations and agreements of peace were followed by renewed conflict and power struggles. Henry II continued the harsh religious policy that his father had followed during the last years of his reign. The wars weakened the authority of the monarchy, already fragile under the rule of Francis II and then Charles IX, though the monarchy later reaffirmed its role under Henry IV. Followers of the Reformation were known as Protestants. https://quizlet.com/229306056/the-french-wars-of-religion-flash-cards Although Dubois did not witness the massacre, he depicts Admiral Coligny’s body hanging out of a window at the rear to the right. Page 6/10. 20, 1792, France declared war on Austria. Francois I strengthened the French Crown during the early 16th century. In offering general freedom of conscience to individuals, the edict gave many specific concessions to the Protestants, such as amnesty and the reinstatement of their civil rights, including the right to work in any field or for the state and to bring grievances directly to the king. Wars of Religion: 1559-1648 I.Hapsburg-Valois Wars (c. 1519-1559) A.Treaty of Cateau-Cambrèsis, 1559 1. Guise’s forces occupied Paris and took control of the royal family while the Huguenots rose in the provinces, and their two commanders—Louis I de Bourbon, prince de Condé, and Admiral Gaspard II de Coligny—established headquarters at Orléans. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. They were mainly fought between the French Catholics and the French Protestants or Huguenots. The edict was accompanied by Henry IV’s own conversion from Huguenot Calvinism to Roman Catholicism and brought an end to the violent Wars of Religion that began in 1562. In the wake of the posters, the French monarchy took a harder stand against the protesters. Fighting continued between Henry IV and the Catholic League for almost a decade. Similar massacres took place in other towns in the weeks following. However, these measures disguised the growing tensions between Protestants and Catholics. French Huguenots, fleeing religious persecution after the revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685, established their own town at New Rochelle in Westchester County, for decades keeping local records in French. It was one event in the series of civil wars between Roman … On Apr. The Protestant Reformation was so popular and controversial in Europe that it sometimes led to war. The War of the Three Henrys (1587–1589) was the eighth and final conflict in the series of civil wars in France known as the Wars of Religion. The controversial edict was one of the first decrees of religious tolerance in Europe and granted unheard-of religious rights to the French Protestant minority. The spread of French Calvinism persuaded the French ruler Catherine de Médicis to show more tolerance for the Huguenots, which angered the powerful Roman Catholic Guise family. The French armies lacked organization and discipline, and many noble officers had emigrated. Broader events and occurrences are not linked to specific sections since they are general conclusions that should be reached by having a background in European history that would come from reading the text. A German monk named Martin Lutherbecame increasingly unhappy with corruption in the Catholic Church. People thought that the king had invited the Swiss to invade, paid them for coming, and sent them back again. It thus comprises the first seven years of the period of warfare that was continued through the Napoleonic Wars until Napoleon ’s abdication in 1814, with a year of interruption under the peace of Amiens (1802–03). These wars led to the formation of alliances with religious differences being the basis. The French Wars of Religion (1562–1598) is the name of a period of civil infighting and military operations primarily between French Catholics and Protestants (Huguenots). One of the most infamous events of the Wars of Religion was the St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre of 1572, when Catholics killed thousands of Huguenots in Paris. Later, Louis Bourbon would become a major figure among the Huguenots of France. The wars began with the invasion of Italy by the French king Charles VIII in 1494. January Edict; massacre at Vassy ____ French wars of religion-The peace of saint-germain-en-laye 1. acknowledged the power of Protestant nobility, granted Huguenots religious freedoms within their ____ and the right to fortify their cities. Henry of Lorraine, Duke of Guise, leader of the Catholic League, funded and supported by Philip II of Spain. This led to the War of the Three Henrys and later brought Spain to the aid the Roman Catholics. This marked the end of the religious wars that had afflicted France during the second half of the 16th century. In this situation, Catholics were supported by the House of the Guise, while the House of Bourbons sympathized with the Protestants. The French Wars of Religion (1562–98) is the name of a period of fighting between French Catholics and Protestants (Huguenots). Embark upon a historical journey of warfare in this quiz. However, the Massacre of Vassy in 1562 is agreed to have begun the Wars of Religion; up to a hundred Huguenots were killed in this massacre. In these dark times the King of France finally reached out to his cousin and heir, the King of Navarre. With each break in peace, the Huguenots’ trust in the Catholic throne diminished, and the violence became more severe and Protestant demands became grander, until a lasting cessation of open hostility finally occurred in 1598. Many inconclusive skirmishes followed, and compromises were reached in 1563, 1568, and 1570. With the proclamation of the Edict of Nantes, and the subsequent protection of Huguenot rights, pressures to leave France abated. The Spanish move up the Netherlands. The exact number of wars and their respective dates are the subject of continued debate by historians; some assert that the Edict of N… The French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars represented continuity in European alliance systems and ideologies with the notable exception of the first two years of the French Republic (1792–1794). D isputes about the place of an organized and powerful Reformed minority (the Huguenots) in what was a Catholic state resulted in France being racked by nearly 40 years of confessional conflict in the late sixteenth century. One of the most infamous events of the wars was the St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre in 1572, when thousands of Huguenots were killed by Catholics. The massacre also marked a turning point in the French Wars of Religion. Its partisans massacred a Huguenot congregation at Vassy (1562), causing an uprising in the provinces. French Revolutionary wars, title given to the hostilities between France and one or more European powers between 1792 and 1799. In 1560, Jeanne d’Albret, Queen regnant of Navarre, converted to Calvinism possibly due to the influence of Theodore de Beze. So the King declared war. Who were the "Three Henrys?" b. Jeanne d'Albret (Jeanne of Navarre) was one of the leaders of the Huguenot party. Ended the Habsburg-Valois Wars (last purely dynastic wars of the 16thcentury) 2. With the end of the war, the military abandoned the airbases and stopped dropping cargo. For the first part of the war, the royalists and the Catholic League were uneasy allies against their common enemy, the Huguenots. After the murder of the Huguenot leader Gaspard II de Coligny in the Massacre of Saint Bartholomew’s Day (1572), the civil war resumed. The French Wars of Religion, 1562–1629. Historians in the 1930s and 1940s often disparaged the Second Empire as a precursor of fascism. The exact number of wars and their respective dates are the subject of continued debate by historians; some assert that the Edict of Nantes in 1598 concluded the wars, although a resurgence of rebellious activity following this leads some to believe the Peace of Alais in 1629 is the actual conclusion. These tensions spurred eight civil wars, interrupted by periods of relative calm, between 1562 and 1598. The purpose of this page is to give you a brief outline of the key events and happenings covered throughout this book. Jeanne and Antoine of Navarre . As the reformation spread throughout Europe, it gained popularity in Switze… The edict established Catholicism as the state religion of France, but granted the Protestants equality with Catholics under the throne and a degree of religious and political freedom within their domains. Small wars in the provinces of Languedoc and Guyenne show Catholic and Calvinist groups using destruction of churches, iconoclasm, forced conversions, and the execution of heretics as weapons of choice. New analysis shows that these civil wars were in fact religious in nature, remnants of the French Wars of Religion that largely ended with the Edict of Nantes in 1598. French Wars Of Religion Quiz . It was warfare that devastated a generation, although conducted in rather desultory, inconclusive way. On his deathbed, Henri III called for Henry of Navarre, and begged him, in the name of statecraft, to become a Catholic, citing the brutal warfare that would ensue if he refused. Brandenburg and Bavaria increased their territory. THE FRENCH REVOLUTIONARY WARS including Encircling a pariah, Republican victories, Volunteer armies and conscription, War on land, War at sea, Strategies against Austria, The Italian campaign, Plans to invade England, The Egyptian campaign, The Syrian campaign, The Second Coalition French Wars of Religion During the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, politiques ( French pronunciation: [pɔlitik] ) were those in a position of power who put the success and well-being of their state above all else. 2. The French Revolution (French: Révolution française [ʁevɔlysjɔ̃ fʁɑ̃sɛːz]) began in May 1789 when the Ancien Régime was abolished in favour of a constitutional monarchy.Its replacement in September 1792 by the First French Republic led to the execution of Louis XVI in January 1793 and an extended period of political turmoil. Charles, Duke of Mayenne, Guise’s younger brother, took over the leadership of the league. 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